English, the UNIVERSAL language of the world which is the most widely spoken language has many reasons due to which it is the universal language. One of the reasons is that the language English has easily accepted to add other languages in their DICTIONARY and the second is that THE GREAT BRITAIN colonized most part of the world in which English was taught to people along with Christianity which also played a important role in spreading the language.
English today has a vast history which doesn’t have a specific owner of the English language .The English is a West Germanic language that originated from the Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Britain by Germanic settlers and roman auxiliary troops from various parts of what is now Germany and the Northern Netherlands. Initially, Old English was a diverse groups of dialects, reflecting the varied origins of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of England. The middle English period was seen as age where French, Latin ,Germanic and many more language was added into the people’s vocabulary. Middle or Norman age influence reinforced the continued changes in the language over the following centuries, producing what is now referred to as Middle English. Among the changes was an increase in the use of a unique ASPECT OF English grammar. Modern English is often dated from the Great Vowel Shift, which took place mainly during the 15th century.
In modern world “International English” is a concept of the English language as a global means of communication in numerous dialects, and also the movement towards an international standard for the language. It is also referred to as Global English, World English, Common English, and General English. There are many types of English spoken in the world in basis of dialects. Going to the topic of “English language used in radio and media”.
English used today in radio and media has caused many positive and negative ripples in modern society all over the world.
We know the media matters to politicians and celebrities. But they also matter to everyone else, to managers, advertisers, teachers, parents, doctors, and patients – anyone who might depend on them for information, or find themselves affected by their images. The clearest way to begin understanding media is to analyze media texts in detail: news broadcasts, situation comedies, magazine advertisements, talk shows, press photos, e-mails, or text messages on a mobile phone. The idea behind the English Language in the Media degree is that language is used for communication in the public sphere. So we need to look beyond the words themselves to what people do with language, how they use technologies, and how language interacts with other modes of communication. Now, about English used in India in some Medias:
1. T.V and radio.
A very liberal use of English is made in the Electronic Media in India. The All India Radio and Doordarshan in New Delhi and its stations in different parts of the country use English and Hindi along with the regional languages. All the national news bulletins are both in Hindi and English. The commentaries, features, talks, discussions, interviews etc. focusing on national and international matters are usually in English as they are aimed at on All India Audience. Use of radios in modern world has been decreased ,but it still survives with very few English radio stations in India. The world’s most biggest English radio station will be the BBC broadcasting station. In T.V generally Hindi cinemas are produced in India. However, there are a few English cinemas produced in India such as English August, Mr. & Mrs. Iyer. Nowadays the quality of English used in cinemas and radios have decreased so much compared to the 19th century. But in positive way English used nowadays have been more open to the societies.
2. Newspaper
English Newspapers are published from all the states and union territories of India except Arunachal and Dadra and Nagar Haveli. According to Government of India Source 3, 827 newspapers including dailies, weeklies etc are published in the country. This number is next only to Hindi newspapers and higher than those published in any other Indian languages.
3. Journals and Magazines
The number of books published in English is not only higher than Hindi, but also almost equal to all other major Indian languages put together.
English is the most dominant language of Professional Journals. Reports of the Registrar of News Papers of India show that most of the periodicals devoted to science, technology, social science, business and industry are published in English.
Current ideas about literary criticism derive almost entirely from the new direction taken in the early twentieth century. Early in the century the school of criticism in Britain and America, came to dominate the study and discussion of literature. Both schools emphasized the close reading of texts, elevating it far above generalizing discussion and speculation about either authorial intention or reader response.
Likewise the criticism used in modern world differs from field to field. Media and Radio criticism has changed a lot from the 20th century. In most countries media and radio have the right to criticize their government or any other organisation, this has improved the conditions and people working in government and organisations rectify their mistake, some are even punished. For example recent 2G scam, media has played a large part in catching the culprits or even in the sytham scam .Sometimes media exaggerate certain news too much that people involved get pressurized and they tend to suicide.
People tend to talk about 'The Media', lumping them all together into an all-powerful monster. Or they think just of television, and maybe new media such as the World Wide Web. But it is helpful to de-glamorize the media, and consider all the ways we extend our abilities to communicate, telephones, e-mail, magazines, leaflets, radio, posters, maps, and even such everyday media as notes left on the refrigerator. Once you consider the full range of media, you are likely to realize that there is a lot to learn about how these various channels work, and about the institutions and ways of working that have grown up around them.
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